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| The symbol for John the Evangelist is an eagle. Source: Wikimedia |
Kustaa Vilkuna's book Suuri nimipäiväkalenteri ("Great Name Day Calendar") says that the name John comes from Hebrew name Jochanan, meaning "Yahweh is merciful". The name's cousin brings different kind of associations to mind: Hannibal means "Baal is merciful".
In Vuotuinen ajantieto Vilkuna calls these two days after Christmas, 27th and 28th of December, "the old little holy days of Christmas". The first is the day of John the Evangelist. The other is "the day of innocent children" (according to Wikipedia the correct English name is "Holy Innocents' Day") and it's spent in memory of the children who were killed in the massacre ordered by Herodes according to Bible. These days used to be called the third and fourth Christmas day, but already in 1649 Finnish priests got a permission to not hold church services on these days, and in 1770s the king ordered these days to lose their holy day status.
People don't like giving up free days, so the third and fourth Christmas days kept their special status for a long time. These days were considered sort of half holy. Smaller chores were okay, but full on work was not appropriate. Vilkuna tells that in Hailuoto knitting was considered an appropriate work for women on these days, but spinning or fixing clothes wasn't allowed. Bees were commonly organised on these days. They were a good fit for these days as they combined work and, especially afterwards, partying.
Having fun was an essential part of these days. Especially young people gathered to a bigger house and spent time playing games. They could have a dance as well if a suitable place was found. In some places 28th was spent visiting other houses or going for a horse drive in similar fashion as was done on 26th (St. Stephen's day). The day of innocent children had special things for children, like a special treat just for the children, or even children's parties. "This is how the name [of the day] creates customs", Vilkuna mentions.
Vilkuna uses these "little holy days" as an example on how difficult it is to change people's familiar customs through jurisdiction. Third and fourth Christmas days were originally part of the Catholic calendar, which included plenty of other holy days as well, as every saint had their own day as well. There were several attempts to remove excess holy days. Luther tried to remove all the days that weren't directly based on Bible, but didn't succeed in his own time. In the 16th century some holy days were removed from the calendar, but the third and fourth Christmas days remained. In 1741 some holy days were removed, but this decision caused such an uproar that it was withdrawn.
When in 1772 Gustav III gave the order that finally removed the holy day status from these days, people already had their deeply rooted customs that couldn't be really changed. Vilkuna says that even when these days were officially work days, people simply didn't work. People didn't need to even go to church on these days, so they had time for all kinds of other things.
| The "in-between days" are great for spending time outdoors. Source: Vakka-Suomen latu ry |





