| Janus looks simultaneously into the past and future. Image source: Wikimedia |
The latin name of the month, januarius, means a month that is dedicated to god Janus. Janus was a two-faced god of beginnings, gates and front doors. January is the first month of the year because of the Romans: it was officially set as the beginning of the year by Julius Caesar a little before the start of Christian era. This practice spread around Europe with the church.
For a long time in Finland the changing of the year was celebrated in late autumn, when year's hard farm work was done and the winter season started. In the kingdom of Sweden the year was started from Christmas until the mid-16th century, when the financial year was set to start from January 1st. In these northern conditions the 1st of January isn't especially logical time to start a new year.
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| The world tree of Finnish mythology is a big oak. Maybe it also was the center of the world? Image source: Kamera mukaan blog |
People felt that January was the second coldest month. February was even colder, although also sunnier. January was thought to be the kinder of these two months. According to one story February says to January: "if I was in your place I would freeze a foal into its mother's womb and servant's nails into a dough bowl, but I can't because the sun shines into my eyes".
The heart of winter was a difficult time. The weather was harsh. One saying suggests that freezing temperatures would change into a blizzard, only to change back to cold weather again. In work calendar this meant time for rest, but on the other hand it was believed that everything acquired in this month was strong and durable. A tree that was felled in January wouldn't rot or get worms. In Karelia the thread used for fishing nets was spun in January so they wouldn't break in use. The heart of winter was also good time for getting rid of bedbugs.
In modern times January is a time of new beginnings. Fiscal year still starts from 1st of January. Many people start a new hobby to get rid of weight gained during Christmas season or to put into effect a New Year's resolution. After the alcohol consumption that is part of many Christmas and New Year's parties lots of people drop alcohol completely for January.
In a modern person's comfy life getting through the winter is no longer a big challenge. Still at least I wait eagerly that I see the days getting gradually longer. In January or February there is a point when "winter's back breaks". But more about that in another post.










